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public class MyMessageSource extends ResourceBundleMessageSource {
    public MyMessageSource(MessageSourceProperties properties) {
        setBasenames(...)
    }
}

@Configuration
@EnableConfigurationProperties(MessageSourceProperties.class)
@RequiredArgsConstructor
public class MessageConfig {
    private final MessageSourceProperties messageSourceProperties;

    @Bean
    public MessageSource messageSource() {
        return new MyMessageSource(messageSourceProperties)
    }
}